Sir John Oldcastle, (born c. 1378, Herefordshire, Eng.—died Dec. 14, 1417, London), distinguished soldier and martyred leader of the Lollards, a late medieval English sect derived from the teachings of John Wycliffe. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Oldcastle Sir John Oldcastle (died 14 December 1417) was an English Lollard leader. The Protestant martyr Sir John Oldcastle is the historical original of Shakespeare’s Sir John Falstaff. Being a friend of Henry V, he long escaped prosecution for heresy. The top theories have narrowed down the similarities to three candidates: Sir John Oldcastle (and the Cobham family), Sir John Fastolf (a little on the nose), and Robert Greene. 124). The Sir john Oldcastle, London: See 172 unbiased reviews of The Sir john Oldcastle, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #3,330 of 23,071 restaurants in London. Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-/15th-century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. Sir John Oldcastle, a Lollard leader, is suspended from a gallows in London and roasted to death for his Wycliffian religious views. Sir John Oldcastle (1378?-1417) came from a knightly family and served as a “knight of the shire” representing Herefordshire in the parliament of 1404, and was later a justice of the peace and sheriff. In Henry IV, Part 1, I,ii,42, Prince Hal calls Falstaff "my old lad of the castle". — Excerpted from Sir John Oldcastle on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.. Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.. searching for Sir John Oldcastle 45 found (112 total) alternate case: sir John Oldcastle Benedict Nichols (828 words) exact match in snippet view article find links to article Bangor and Bishop of St David's in Wales. The same cast of rebels and conspirators is active in this play (II,ii, III,ii, etc.) The Epilogue to Henry IV, Part 2 draws an absolute distinction between the play’s character Sir John Falstaff and the Protestant martyr Oldcastle. The reason for the explicit differentiation is that the character Falstaff was first created under the name Sir John Oldcastle. Sir John Oldcastle (born about 1378 - died 1417) was a popular figure, a friend to Prince Henry (later Henry V) and a valuable leader in Henry IV's campaigns against the Welsh. Later Shakespeare's rivals, the Admiral's Men, commissioned a play that was to be 'a true and honourable history of Sir John Oldcastle ' as a counterblast to Shakespeare's treatment. The first part Of the true and honorable historie, of the life of Sir John Old-castle, the good Lord Cobham Performance statement: As it hath been lately acted by the right honorable the Earle of Notingham Lord high Admirall of England his seruants. The 1619 quarto of Sir John Oldcastle Part 1 is the first to attribute the play to Shakespeare, some three years after his death. [Sir John Oldcastle, Part 1 by Michael Drayton, Richard Hathway, Antony Munday and Robert Wilson was first printed in quarto form in 1600. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Oldcastle, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Sir John Oldcastle. His father was Richard Oldcastle of Almeley in northwest Herefordshire. He was an approximate model for 16th-century English dramatic characters, including Shakespeare’s Falstaff. post mortem, iv. By his marriage in 1408 to Joan, heiress of John, 3rd Lord Cobham, Oldcastle entered nobility and in 1409 was summoned to the House of Lords as a baron. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This is indicated by abundant external and internal evidence. Omissions? He was an approximate model for 16th-century English dramatic characters, including Shakespeare’s Falstaff. Oldcastle, John, Sir, d. 1417 Publisher [Amersham, Eng.] During these campaigns, the Lord Cobham befriended the Prince of Wales, later King Henry V. Oldcastle was also deeply devoted to the teachings of John Wyclif and became a leader of the Lollardy movement. Thomas Nashe, in a contemporary letter, complained that the actors were "piteously persecuted by the Lord Mayor and the aldermen" during this period. He had an outstanding military career, serving Henry V in campaigns against the Welsh. Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-/15th-century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. The Sir john Oldcastle, London: See 172 unbiased reviews of The Sir john Oldcastle, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #3,332 of 23,125 restaurants in London. Unyielding in his views, he was convicted as a heretic but was granted a stay of execution by the king for 40 days and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. The future lollard leader was born in about 1370 and by 1397 had inherited modest family estates, consisting of the manor of Almeley, near Kington, lands in the neighbouring parishes of Kinnersley and Letton, and property in and around Herefo… The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth containing his Death: and the Coronation of King Henry the Fift, Thomas of Woodstock/Richard the Second, Part One, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir_John_Oldcastle&oldid=1016411048, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 April 2021, at 01:06. Corrections? Oldcastle again escaped, evading capture until November 1417. In 1601 a narrative poem, The Mirror of Martyrs, by one John Weever, was published; it praises Oldcastle as a "valiant captain and most godly martyr." Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Shakespeare based John Falstaff off Henry’s old friend, Sir John Oldcastle. He married Maud Holand about 1341, in England, United Kingdom. In 1664, the play was one of the seven dramas added to the second impression of the Shakespeare Third Folio by publisher Philip Chetwinde. In 1413 he was indicted by a convocation, presided over by Archbishop Thomas Arundel of Canterbury, for maintaining both Lollard preachers and their opinions. as in Henry V, but Oldcastle keeps scrupulously separate from them. Even more so, Frances Brooke, the 10th Baron's wife and 11th Baron's mother, was a close personal favorite of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth I (an Elizabethan could not have been more or better connected than the Cobhams). The king was warned by his agents, and the small group of Lollards in assembly were captured or dispersed. Within a month he escaped to find refuge with the Lollard bookseller William Fisher at Smithfield, where he conspired to kidnap the king at Kent while Lollards answered a summons to assemble at St. Giles’s Fields, near London, the night of Jan. 9, 1414. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [3], Soon after the premier of Shakespeare's Oldcastle/Falstaff in 1597–98, literary and dramatic works began to appear that defended the reputation of the historical Oldcastle; scholars argue that the muse that inspired these works was Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham. Oldcastle is first mentioned in two separate documents in 1400, first as a plaintiff in a suit regarding the advowson of Almely church, and again as serving as a knight under Lord Grey of Codnor in a military expedition to Scotland. Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-15th century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeare's contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. This transcription is of the first edition. [1] The diary of Philip Henslowe records that the play was written by Anthony Munday, Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye and Robert Wilson. Iambic pentameter verse lines in both parts are irregular when using the name "Falstaff", but correct with "Oldcastle". The elder Lord Cobham even had a strong negative impact upon the lives of Shakespeare and his contemporaries in the theater. ), which is generally thought to have been one of Shakespeare's sources for his plays on Henry IV and Henry V. The genesis of Sir John Oldcastle is crucially linked to the fact that when Shakespeare's Henry IV plays premiered on stage in 1597–98, the character Sir John Falstaff was called Sir John Oldcastle. And two years earlier, in 1599, the play Sir John Oldcastle was performed by the Admiral's Men, the main theatrical rivals of Shakespeare's company. The play was originally published anonymously in 1600 (Q1), printed by Valentine Simmes for the bookseller Thomas Pavier. The play offers a comic character, Sir John of Wrotham, a pale imitation of Falstaff, who interacts with a disguised Henry V (III,iv) much as in Shakespeare's plays. Sir John Oldcastle book. 1591. In III,ii,25–26 of the same play, Falstaff is said to have been a "page to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk"—which was true of the historical Oldcastle. It is also indicated in details in the early texts of Shakespeare's plays. Inquis. Notwithstanding his evident attachment to Henry V, Chaworth was prepared to throw in his lot with the lollard leader, Sir John Oldcastle*, whose plans for a rising in early January 1414 were promptly and efficiently quashed by the King. (An entry in Henslowe's Diary records a later payment to Drayton for a second part to the play, which has not survived; because of this fact, the extant play has sometimes been called Sir John Oldcastle, Part I or 1 Sir John Oldcastle.). There are no demarcations in the text between the various acts and scenes beyond the entrances and exits of the characters. Updates? Sir John was born in around 1378 in Herefordshire, to Sir Richard Oldcastle, and due to the wealth of his parents gained an excellent education. The name change and the Epilogue disclaimer were required, it is generally thought, because of political pressure: the historical Oldcastle was not only a Protestant martyr, but a nobleman with powerful living descendants in Elizabethan England. Oldcastle, on whom Shakespeare based his character Falstaff, was hanged as a traitor in 1417. Fastolf, however, died without descendants, making him safe for a playwright's use. In the quarto text of Henry IV, Part 2 (1600), one of Falstaff's speech prefixes in Act I, Scene ii is mistakenly left uncorrected, "Old." His amicable relationship with the prince of Wales, now Henry V, earned him special consideration, but he failed to honour the king’s appeals to submit and was brought to trial the same year. of the Tudor facsimile texts Collection robarts; toronto Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor Robarts - University of Toronto Language English When convicted, he escaped from the Tower of London and then led a rebellion against the King. He is first mentioned as serving in the expedition to Scotland in 1400, when he was probably quite a young man. (Presumably, the lost second half of the play would have had the inevitable grimmer ending of Oldcastle's grisly death. Strangely, it was also included in the third and fourth folios of Shakespeare's Works. Issued for subscribers by the editor of the Tudor facsimile texts Collection cornell; americana Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor Cornell University Library Contributor usage rights See terms Language English In The Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth, the anonymous source play for Shakespeare’s Henry IV, Sir John appears briefly as a friend of Prince Hal (or Henry). Shakespeare kept the name Oldcastle for the first version of his play but later changed it to Falstaff. The Life of John When Sir John Oldcastle was born in 1310, in Almeley, Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom, his father, Sir Peter Oldcastle, was 26 and his mother, Lady Peter Oldcastle, was 24. English Lollard leader, the son of Sir Richard Oldcastle of Almeley in Herefordshire. 1586? Since the life of Oldcastle has already been the subject of several extensive studies,3it is proposed to deal here comparatively briefly with his career, going into detail only where new material has come to light, or where Sir John’s parliamentary activities are concerned. 10 reviews of The Sir John Oldcastle "I visited this Wetherspoon's pub whilst in the Farringdon area of London (it's practically on the other side of Farringdon Road when you step out of Farringdon tube station) and it faithfully adheres to the Wetherspoon philosophy of affordable food and beer, big screen TVs, plenty of space to sit and efficient service. Our History Named after The Sir John Oldcastle Tavern, which stood in the former grounds of Sir John’s nearby mansion, this was already long established by 1680. OLDCASTLE, Sir JOHN, styled Lord Cobham (d. 1417), came of a family of consideration, who were lords of the manor of Almeley near Weobley, in Western Herefordshire, and whose estates touched the Wye at Letton (Cal. He died in 1377, in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales, United Kingdom, at the age of 67. The players were left to the mercies of the local officials of the City of London, who had long wanted to drive the companies of actors out of the City. Death in Ubeda, Spain, of John of the Cross, a Carmelite mystic and poet, best-known for The Spiritual Canticle and The Dark Night. It is said Oldcastle was the original of Shakespeare's Falstaff, the boon companion of Henry V. Although Henry was for reform, it was not of the type Oldcastle … Oldcastle was also a minor character in the early Elizabethan history play the Famous Victories of Henry V (c. In the next few years Oldcastle held notable positions in the Welsh campaigns of King Henry IV of England against Owain Glyndŵr, including captaincy first over Buil… By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [4], Sir John Oldcastle treats its subject matter in ways acceptable to the values and biases of its audience, and the interests of Elizabethan officialdom (inevitably; if it did anything else it would never have escaped censorship). Parliament then reiterated his condemnation and penalty, and on December 14 he was hanged over a fire that consumed the gallows. It would seem that Oldcastle had all the makings of … Oldcastle, John, styled Lord Cobham, (Sir) d. 1417 Publisher [Amersham, Eng.] Shakespeare’s Falstaff is considered to be more boisterous than Oldcastle had been in real life. Authority for the date: Britannica. [2] The name Falstaff was derived from Sir John Fastolf, who was also a historical person—allegedly a greedy and grasping individual, who had a (probably undeserved) reputation for cowardice at the Battle of Patay in 1429. Genealogy for John Oldcastle, MP (c.1310 - c.1377) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. He had already appeared as a cowardly knight in Henry VI, part 1. ), 17th-century play sometimes attributed to William Shakespeare, Learn how and when to remove this template message, with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur. The change of names, from "Oldcastle" to "Falstaff", is mentioned in seventeenth-century works by Richard James (Epistle to Sir Harry Bourchier, c. 1625) and Thomas Fuller (Worthies of England, 1662). When the First Folio and quarto texts of that play are compared, it appears that the joke in V,v,85–90 is that Oldcastle/Falstaff incriminates himself by calling out the first letter of his name, "O, O, O!," when his fingertips are singed with candles—which of course works for "Oldcastle" but not "Falstaff." Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). People Projects Discussions Surnames Sir John Oldcastle was a knight who had really served in battle with Henry V and was a very popular member of Parliament as well. Like other subjects of Elizabethan history plays, Sir John Oldcastle was an actual person, a soldier and Lollard dissenter who was hanged and burned for heresy and treason in 1417—thus earning himself a place in the seminal text of the Protestant Reformation in Tudor England, John Foxe's Book of Martyrs. His grandfather, also called John Oldcastle, was Herefordshire's MP during the latter part of the reign of King Richard II. Oldcastle's date of birth is unknown, although dubious and possibly apocryphal sources place it variously at 1360 or 1378. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Oldcastle, Sir John (1377–1417) English leader of the Lollards.He fought in the army under Henry IV and earned the respect and friendship of the future Henry V. A fervent supporter of the teachings of John Wycliffe, he was a leader of the Lollards and was condemned as a heretic in 1413.He escaped to lead an unsuccessful Lollard rising but was eventually captured and executed. Oldcastle is presumed to be the model for Shakespeare's Falstaff. Issued for subscribers by the ed. He took part in the trial of Sir John Oldcastle in 1413 and in 1415 was with King Henry V at the capture of Harfleur Many people will know of Sir John from the works of Shakespeare, who based Sir John Falstaff in King Henry IV upon him. Finally, there is the blatant disclaimer at the close of Henry IV, Part 2 that disassociates the two figures: "for Oldcastle died [a] martyr, and this is not the man" (Epilogue, 29–32). When Carey died on 22 July 1596, the post of Lord Chamberlain was given to William Brooke, Lord Cobham, who definitely was not a friend to the players, and who withdrew what official protection they had enjoyed. The later scenes are devoted to Rochester's pursuit of Oldcastle and his wife, and their escapes; the play ends on a temporary positive note, with the Oldcastles evading imprisonment. After a brilliant military career, however, he was persecuted for his religious beliefs, which were decidedly unpopular at the time. The son of Sir Richard Oldcastle, he fought for England in the Scottish campaign of 1400 and during the Welsh wars gained the friendship of King Henry IV’s son Henry, prince of Wales. Eventually, he was captured and executed in London. Curiously, this effort to redeem the Oldcastle name was at best only partially successful; allusions to the Falstaff character under the name of Oldcastle continued to appear in succeeding years—in Nathan Field's play Amends for Ladies (1618) and in the anonymous pamphlets The Meeting of Gallants at an Ordinary (1604) and The Wandering Jew (c. 1628), among other works. Oldcastle is thought to have been the model for Shakespeare’s character ‘Falstaff’. The play was originally published anonymously in 1600 (Q1), printed by Valentine Simmes for the bookseller Thomas Pavier. These were the Lords Cobham: William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham (died 6 March 1597), was Warden of the Cinque Ports (1558–97), Knight of the Order of the Garter (1584), and member of the Privy Council (1586–97); his son Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, was granted the paternal post of Warden of the Cinque Ports upon his father's death, and made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1599. Sir John Oldcastle, (born c. 1378, Herefordshire, Eng.—died Dec. 14, 1417, London), distinguished soldier and martyred leader of the Lollards, a late medieval English sect derived from the teachings of John Wycliffe. In 1619, a new edition (Q2) carried an attribution to William Shakespeare. Perhaps at first he presumed on his former friendship with the king. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. , also called John Oldcastle and executed in London also called John Oldcastle on Wikipedia, the encyclopedia. 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